Lesson on Typhoid Fever: Pathogenesis, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Other Important Considerations

Typhoid fever is caused by infectious bacteria of the genus Salmonella, specifically the species Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. Typhoid fever is endemic in certain parts of the world, including South East Asia and parts of Africa. Risk factors of contracting Typhoid Fever include poor sanitation, overcrowding, and contaminated water sources. Individuals become infected by Salmonella bacteria typically through ingestion of contaminated water sources, whereby the bacteria survive gastric acids and penetrate into the epithelial wall of the small intestine. The bacteria then cause a fever and a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms due to penetration and proliferation within the bowel wall. Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever occurs through culturing the bacteria and treatment depends on the extent of antibiotic resistance in different geographic locations. We also discuss typhoid fever treatments (typhoid medications) and preventative measures including typhoid fever immunizations (typhoid fever vaccine).

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**MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal.

Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

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